Assessment of Protein Quantity and Quality of Turkish Maize Landraceswith Different Opacity Level
Keywords:
Essential amino acid, Zea mays, Genetic resources, FoodAbstract
Protein ratio and amino acid composition vary considerably in maize according to the level of opacity. In this study, the total
protein content, amounts of some essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) and quantitative and qualitative variation of
protein fractions in maize seed samples separated according to different opacity levels were investigated. In the study, 6 local
maize landraces with opaque kernel structure and 3 standards were used. The field trial was carried out in 2021 according to
the complete blocks trial design with 3 replications. Samples of local maize landraces from the field experiment were separated
on a light table according to 5 different opacity levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Protein content, lysine and tryptophan
contents, albumin + globulin, glutelin and zein contents were analyzed in the samples separated by their opacity. In addition,
protein fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and the changes in protein bands according to opacity level were examined.
Differences between genotypes, opacity levels and their interaction were illustrated with box plot and PCA-Biplots. Two-way
dendrograms were created for qualitative discrimination. The results of the study showed that there were significant changes
in protein amount and quality according to the opacity levels of the genotypes. The protein contents of the genotypes were
5.95–10.22%, lysine contents 0.33–0.46%, tryptophan contents 0.032–0.083%, albumin + glubulin contents 1.92–2.72%, glutelin
contents 0.64–1.08%, and zein contents 1.59–1.99%. There was a significant difference in presence or absence according to the
opacity levels in the protein fractions.
References
Akbulut, Ş., Kahrıman, F., & Egesel, C. Ö. (2021). Anadolu’ya Ait Yerel Mısır Popülasyonlarının Protein Bant Dizileri Yardımıyla Karakterizasyonu. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 79–87.
Aguirre-Mancilla, C.L. et al. (2019). Protein content and quality of seeds in central mexican maize (Zea mays) accessions’ Universidad de Guanajuato. Campus Celaya-Salvatierra. Sede Mutualismo. Celaya. Guanajuato. México. Rev. FCA UNCUYO.C 2.0 L2. 0A. g5u2i(r1r)e: -1M4-a2n5c.
Anonymous. (2020). FAOSTAT Database. http://faostat.fao.org (Accessed 10 June 2023).
Anonymous. (2021). Corn Planting Area, Production and Yield. Turkish Statistical Institute Data.https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/kn=92&locale=tr (Accessed June 10, 2023)
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitaton of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemestry, 722, 248–254.
Duvnjak, M., Kljak, K., & Grbeša, D. (2021). Nitrogen Storage in Crops: Case Study of Zeins in Maize. In Nitrogen in Agriculture Physiological, Agricultural and Ecological Aspects. IntechOpen.
Egesel, C. Ö., & Kahrıman, F. (2012). Determination of quality parameters in maize by NIR reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural Sicences, 18, 43–53.
Galicia, L. et al. (2009). Laboratory protocols. Maize nutrition quality and plant tissue analysis laboratory (42 p.).
Gibbon, B. C., & Larkins, B. A. (2005). Molecular genetic approaches to developing quality protein maize. Trends in Genetics, 21, 227–233.
Özcan, S. (2009). Modern dünyanın vazgeçilmez bitkisi mısır: genetiği değiştirilmiş (transgenik) mısırın tarımsal üretime katkısı. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 2(2), 1–34.
Pfunde, C. N., Mutengwa, C. S., & Bradley, G. (2015). Genetic variation of selected quality protein maize inbred lines. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(44), 4087–4093.
Prasanna, B. et al. (2001). Quality protein maize. Current Science, 81(10), 1308–1319.
Pukalenthy, B. et al. (2020). Marker aided introgression of opaque 2 (o2) allele improving lysine and tryptophan in maize
(Zea mays L.)’ Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 26(9), 1925–1930.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00857-4
R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Vienna. Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Sarika, K. et al. (2018). ‘Opaque16, a high lysine and tryptophan mutant, does not influence the key physicobiochemical characteristics in maize kernel. PLoS ONE, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190945
Sethi, M., & ve Chaudhary, D.P. (2019). Prolamins and Glutelins as protein markers to distinguish normal lines
from QPM germplasm. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 350–354.
Sethi, M. et al. (2021). Expression profile of protein fractions in the developing kernel of normal, Opaque-2 and quality
protein maize. Sci Rep, 11, 2469.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81906-0
Sevenayak, D., & Gupta, H.O. (2017). Identification and characterization of storage protein-zein ın maize. Progressive Research – An International Journal, 12(Special-I), 825–829.
Wall, J.S., & Bietz, J.A. (1987). Differences in corn endosperm proteins in developing seeds of normal and opaque-2 corn.
Cereal chemistry, 64(4), 275–280.
Wu, Y., Holding, D.R., & Messing, J. (2010). Gamma-zeins are essential for endosperm modification in quality protein maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 107(29), 12810-12815.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004721107
Yau, J. C. et al. (1999). Maize Endosperm Proteins That Contribute to Endosperm Lysine Content. Cereal Chem., 76, 668–672.
Yıldırım, G., & Öner, F. (2020). Mısır Danesinin Fiziksel ve Besinsel Yapısı. Harman Dergisi, 92, 68–74.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2024-04-05 (3)
- 2024-04-05 (2)
- 2024-04-05 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gülhan Baytekin Karaoğlu, Umut Songur, Esra Çiğdem, Gökalp Şimşek, Fatih Kahrıman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
